Bleeding Disorders
Below is a growing list of bleeding disorders with brief descriptions. Each includes a direct link to learn more. If you don’t see your bleeding disorder listed, let us know — we’re constantly updating.
Von Willebrand Disease (VWD)
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Type 1, Type 2 (2A, 2B, 2M, 2N), Type 3
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a blood disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. Blood contains many proteins that help the blood clot when needed. One of these proteins is called von Willebrand factor (VWF). People with VWD either have a low level of VWF in their blood or the VWF protein doesn't work the way it should.
Hemophilia A/Factor VIII (8) Deficiency
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Severe (<1%), Moderate (1%-5%), Mild (6%-49%)
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
No. Males are more severely affected than females.
Prevalence:
1 in 5,617 live male births in the US
Hemophilia A, also called factor VIII (8) deficiency or classic hemophilia, is a genetic disorder caused by missing or defective factor VIII (FVIII), a clotting protein.
Hemophilia B/Christmas Disease/Factor IX (9) Deficiency
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Severe (<1%), Moderate (1%-5%), Mild (6%-49%)
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
No. Males are more severely affected than females.
Prevalence:
1 in 25,000 male births in the US
Hemophilia B, also called factor IX (FIX) deficiency or Christmas disease, is a genetic disorder caused by missing or defective factor IX, a clotting protein.
Hemophilia C/Factor XI (11) Deficiency
Hemophilia C is a rare, genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in clotting factor XI (Factor XI). Unlike other types of hemophilia, spontaneous bleeding is uncommon; instead, bleeding usually occurs after surgery, dental procedures, or trauma.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Severe (15%-20%), Moderate (20%-40%), Mild (>40%)
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Fibrinogen Deficiency/Factor I (1) Deficiency
Fibrinogen deficiency is a rare inherited bleeding disorder where the blood doesn't clot properly due to low levels or defective function of fibrinogen, a protein crucial for forming clots.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Afibrinogenemia, Hypofibrinogenemia, Dysfibrinogenemia
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Prothrombin Deficiency Factor II (2) Deficiency
Prothrombin deficiency (Factor II deficiency) is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder where the blood lacks sufficient functional prothrombin (Factor II), a protein crucial for blood clotting. It is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by gene mutations, leading to variable bleeding symptoms such as prolonged bleeding after injury, heavy menstrual bleeding, easy bruising, and nosebleeds.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Hypoprothrombinemia, Dysprothrombinemia
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Owren Disease/Parahemophilia/Factor V (5) Deficiency
Owren's disease, also known as factor V deficiency, is a rare bleeding disorder caused by insufficient or dysfunctional factor V, a protein crucial for blood clotting.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Severe (<1%), Moderate (1%-10%), Mild (10%-50%)
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Alexander’s Disease/Factor VII (7) Deficiency
Factor VII (7) deficiency is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder caused by a genetic mutation that reduces the amount of functional Factor VII protein in the blood, preventing normal blood clotting and causing abnormal bleeding.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Severe (<10%), Moderate (10%-20%), Mild (20%-50%)
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Stuart-Prower Factor Deficiency/Factor X (10) Deficiency
Stuart-Prower Factor Deficiency, now called Factor X Deficiency, is a rare bleeding disorder caused by a lack or low level of the clotting protein Factor X, leading to easy bruising and prolonged bleeding.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Severe (<10%), Moderate (10%-40%), Mild (40%-60%)
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Hageman Factor Deficiency/Factor XII (12) Deficiency
Hageman factor (Factor XII) deficiency is an inherited condition where the blood lacks sufficient Factor XII, a protein crucial for blood clotting. Despite this deficiency, individuals typically do not experience abnormal bleeding; the condition is often discovered incidentally during blood tests due to a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Severe (<1%), Moderate (20%-60%)
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Fibrin Stabilizing Factor Deficiency/Factor XIII (13) Deficiency
Factor XIII (13) Deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder where a defect in the fibrin stabilizing factor (Factor XIII) prevents the blood clot from forming a stable, strong, and insoluble mesh, leading to a prolonged and severe tendency to bleed.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Severe (<1%), Moderate (1%-10%), Mild (30%-70%)
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS)
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS) is an extremely rare, inherited bleeding disorder characterized by giant platelets and a prolonged bleeding time, resulting from a genetic defect in the platelet's GPIb-IX-V receptor complex. This defect prevents platelets from properly adhering to blood vessel injuries, leading to difficulties in platelet aggregation and ultimately causing bleeding issues
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia (GT)
Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder characterized by defective platelet aggregation due to an issue with the platelet glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa complex.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Type I (<5%) Type II (5-25%) Type III (25%-100%)
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
Prevalence:
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys a person's own platelets, leading to a low platelet count and an increased risk of bruising and bleeding.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
Primary ITP and Secondary ITP, Acute ITP and Chronic ITP
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
No. Females are more commonly affected than males.
Prevalence:
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a rare, potentially life-threatening blood disorder characterized by the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels.
Subtypes and Severity Ranges:
First Discovered:
Affect Both Sexes Equally?:
No. Females are more commonly affected than males.
Prevalence:
1.5-6 in 1 million adults annually worldwide and affects African Americans more commonly
